First World War

World War One", "Great War", "WW1", and "WWI" redirect here. For other uses, see World War One (disambiguation), Great War (disambiguation), WW1 (album), and WWI (disambiguation). World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as "the war to end all wars",[7] it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history.[8][9] It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history,[10] with an estimated nine million combatant deaths and 13 million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war,[11] while resulting genocides and the related 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 17–100 million deaths worldwide.[12][13] World War I WWImontage.jpg Clockwise from the top: The road to Bapaume in the aftermath of the Battle of the Somme, 1916 British Mark V tanks crossing the Hindenburg Line, 1918 HMS Irresistible sinking after hitting a mine in the Dardanelles, 1915 A British Vickers machine gun crew wears gas masks during the Battle of the Somme, 1916 German Albatros D.III biplane fighters near Douai, France, 1917 Date 28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918 (4 years, 3 months and 2 weeks) Peace treaties Treaty of Versailles Signed 28 June 1919 (4 years and 11 months)[b] Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye Signed 10 September 1919 (5 years, 1 month, 1 week and 6 days) Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine Signed 27 November 1919 (4 years, 1 month, 1 week and 6 days)[c] Treaty of Trianon Signed 4 June 1920 (5 years, 10 months and 1 week) Treaty of Sèvres Signed 10 August 1920 (6 years, 1 week and 6 days)[d] United States–Austria Peace Treaty Signed 24 August 1921 (3 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 3 days)[e][f] United States–Germany Peace Treaty Signed 25 August 1921 (4 years, 4 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)[g] United States–Hungary Peace Treaty Signed 29 August 1921 (3 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 1 day)[h] Treaty of Lausanne Signed 24 July 1923 (8 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)[i] Location Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Pacific Islands, China, Indian Ocean, North and South Atlantic Ocean Result Allied victory Central Powers victory on the Eastern Front nullified by defeat on the Western Front Fall of all continental empires in Europe (including Germany, Russia, Ottoman Turkey and Austria-Hungary) Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War, with the collapse of the Russian Empire and the subsequent formation of the Soviet Union Widespread unrest and revolutions throughout Europe and Asia Creation of the League of Nations (more ...) Territorial changes Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and territories, Partitioning the former Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire, transfer of territories to other countries Belligerents Allied Powers: France British Empire United Kingdom Canada Australia India New Zealand Newfoundland South Africa Russia[a] (1914–17) Serbia Montenegro Belgium Japan Italy (1915–18) United States (1917–18) Romania (1916–18) Portugal (1916–18) Hejaz (1916–18) China (1917–18) Greece (1917–18) Siam (1917–18) ... and others Central Powers: Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria (1915–18) ... and co-belligerents Commanders and leaders French Third Republic Raymond Poincaré French Third Republic Georges Clemenceau United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Herbert H. Asquith United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland David Lloyd George Russian Empire Nicholas II † Russian Republic Alexander Kerensky Kingdom of Italy Victor Emmanuel III Kingdom of Italy Vittorio Orlando United States Woodrow Wilson Empire of Japan Yoshihito Belgium Albert I Kingdom of Serbia Peter I Kingdom of Romania Ferdinand I and others ... German Empire Wilhelm II Austria-Hungary Franz Joseph I † Austria-Hungary Karl I Ottoman Empire Mehmed V † Ottoman Empire Mehmed VI Ottoman Empire Three Pashas Kingdom of Bulgaria Ferdinand I and others ... Strength Total: 42,950,000[1] Russian Empire 12,000,000 British Empire 8,842,000[2][3] French Third Republic 8,660,000[4] Kingdom of Italy 5,615,000 United States 4,744,000 Empire of Japan 800,000 Kingdom of Serbia 707,000 Kingdom of Romania 658,000 Belgium 380,000 Kingdom of Greece 250,000 First Portuguese Republic 80,000 Kingdom of Montenegro 50,000 Total: 25,248,000[1] German Empire 13,250,000 Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 Ottoman Empire 2,998,000 Kingdom of Bulgaria 1,200,000 68,208,000 (Total all) Casualties and losses Military dead: 5,525,000 Military wounded: 12,832,000 Total: 18,357,000 KIA, WIA and MIA Civilian dead: 4,000,000 further details ... Military deaths by country[5][6] Russian Empire 1,811,000 French Third Republic 1,398,000 British Empire 1,115,000 Kingdom of Italy 651,000 Kingdom of Romania 250,000–335,000 Kingdom of Serbia 275,000 United States 117,000 Belgium 59,000–88,000 Kingdom of Greece 26,000 First Portuguese Republic 7,000 Kingdom of Montenegro 3,000 Empire of Japan <1,000 Military dead: 4,386,000 Military wounded: 8,388,000 Total: 12,774,000 KIA, WIA and MIA Civilian dead: 3,700,000 further details ... Military deaths by country[5] German Empire 2,051,000 Austria-Hungary 1,200,000 Ottoman Empire 772,000 Kingdom of Bulgaria 88,000 World War I: Mobilized forces per total population (in %)[citation needed] On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July Crisis.[14][15] In response, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia on 23 July. Serbia's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians, and the two moved to a war footing. A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe. By July 1914, the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions: the Triple Entente, consisting of France, Russia, and Britain; and the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The Triple Alliance was only defensive in nature, allowing Italy to stay out of the war until April 1915, when it joined the Allied Powers after its relations with Austria-Hungary deteriorated.[16] Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia, and approved partial mobilisation after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on 28 July.[17] Full Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July; the following day, Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same, while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within twelve hours.[18] When Russia failed to comply, Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary, the latter following suit on 6 August; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August.[19] Germany's strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to rapidly concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within six weeks, then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan.[20] On 2 August, Germany demanded free passage through Belgium, an essential element in achieving a quick victory over France.[21] When this was refused, German forces invaded Belgium on 3 August and declared war on France the same day; the Belgian government invoked the 1839 Treaty of London and, in compliance with its obligations under this treaty, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August. On 12 August, Britain and France also declared war on Austria-Hungary; on 23 August, Japan sided with Britain, seizing German possessions in China and the Pacific. In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered the war on the side of the Central Powers, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia, and the Sinai Peninsula. The war was fought in (and drew upon) each power's colonial empire also, spreading the conflict to Africa and across the globe. The Entente and its allies eventually became known as the Allied Powers, while the grouping of Austria-Hungary, Germany and their allies became known as the Central Powers. The German advance into France was halted at the Battle of the Marne and by the end of 1914, the Western Front settled into a war of attrition, marked by a long series of trench lines that changed little until 1917 (the Eastern Front, by contrast, was marked by much greater exchanges of territory). In 1915, Italy joined the Allied Powers and opened a front in the Alps. Bulgaria joined the Central Powers in 1915 and Greece joined the Allies in 1917, expanding the war in the Balkans. The United States initially remained neutral, though even while neutral it became an important supplier of war materiel to the Allies. Eventually, after the sinking of American merchant ships by German submarines, the declaration by Germany that its navy would resume unrestricted attacks on neutral shipping, and the revelation that Germany was trying to incite Mexico to initiate war against the United States, the U.S. declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917. Trained American forces did not begin arriving at the front in large numbers until mid-1918, but the American Expeditionary Force ultimately reached some two million troops.[22] Though Serbia was defeated in 1915, and Romania joined the Allied Powers in 1916 only to be defeated in 1917, none of the great powers were knocked out of the war until 1918. The 1917 February Revolution in Russia replaced the Tsarist autocracy with the Provisional Government, but continuing discontent with the cost of the war led to the October Revolution, the creation of the Soviet Socialist Republic, and the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by the new government in March 1918, ending Russia's involvement in the war. Germany now controlled much of eastern Europe and transferred large numbers of combat troops to the Western Front. Using new tactics, the German March 1918 Offensive was initially successful. The Allies fell back and held. The last of the German reserves were exhausted as 10,000 fresh American troops arrived every day. The Allies drove the Germans back in their Hundred Days Offensive, a continual series of attacks to which the Germans had no reply.[23] One by one the Central Powers quit. First Bulgaria, then the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian empire. With its allies defeated, revolution at home, and the military no longer willing to fight, Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on 9 November and Germany signed an armistice on 11 November 1918, ending the fighting. World War I was a significant turning point in the political, cultural, economic, and social climate of the world. The war and its immediate aftermath sparked numerous revolutions and uprisings. The Big Four (Britain, France, the United States, and Italy) imposed their terms on the defeated powers in a series of treaties agreed at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, the most well known being the German peace treaty: the Treaty of Versailles.[24] Ultimately, as a result of the war, the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian Empires ceased to exist, and numerous new states were created from their remains. However, despite the conclusive Allied victory (and the creation of the League of Nations during the Peace Conference, intended to prevent future wars), a second world war followed just over twenty years later. Names Background Prelude Progress of the war Aftermath Technology War crimes Soldiers'

World. Highest Temperature.

Death Valley' records the highest temperature in the world! 18 August, 2020 | Lesson time: 1.2 minutes The highest temperature in the history of the world has been recorded in the 'Death Valley' of the state of California in the United States. The National Park in Death Valley recorded a temperature of 130 degrees Fahrenheit (54.4 degrees Celsius) on Sunday. The U.S. National Weather Service confirmed the temperature. According to a BBC report, there is an uproar in the western part of the United States. That's why temperatures are forecast to rise further this week. A fault occurred at a power plant on Saturday due to intense heat. What is the maximum temperature? In 2013, Death Valley recorded a temperature of 54 degrees Celsius, according to the BBC. About a century ago, the Death Valley recorded a temperature of 56.6 degrees Celsius. But there are questions about this record. In 1931, Tunisia recorded a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius. However, according to an analysis by meteorologist Christopher Burt in 2016, there is a lack of credibility with the accuracy of these temperatures. That's why 54.4 degrees Celsius, recorded in Death Valley on Sunday, is considered to be the highest temperature on Earth. According to the report, scientists fear that the temperature in that region of the United States will continue to rise for the next 10 days. The California Independent System Operator (CISO) has issued a three-level emergency alert in the state of California due to ongoing fires. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States says more people are dying in Dabada on average than in any other severe weather. High temperatures can cause a variety of diseases, including heat stroke.

BD. Tamabil Land Port.

Within hours of the opening of the Tamabil land port, a road strike was called Sylhet Bureau 18 August 2020, 01:15 AM | Online version Tamabil land port reopened on Monday morning after being closed for five months in Sylhet. However, an indefinite transport strike has been called on Sylhet Tamabil Road in the afternoon. District Truck Owners Group and Sylhet District Truck, Pickup and Covered Van Workers Union have called for the program. Their allegation was that extortion was done by setting up a bamboo mill at Sarighat in Jaintapur. Protests have been called. The indefinite transport strike is starting from 8 am on Wednesday. During the announcement of the program, the transport owner-worker leaders gave a 72-hour ultimatum to remove the extortion bamboo mill. Abu Sarkar, president of District Truck, Pickup and Covered Van Workers Union, presided over the rally. Golam Hadi Chaiful, President of Sylhet District Truck Owners Group, Alhaj Golam Hafiz Luhit, Former President of Sylhet District Road Transport Workers Union, Atiqur Rahman Atiq, Senior Co-President of District Truck Owners Group, Zakir Hossain Talukder, Joint Secretary, Lokman Ahmed, Veteran Labor Leader, District General Secretary of the Truck, Pickup and Covered Van Workers Union. Amir Uddin, truck owner group organizing secretary journalist Shabbir Ahmed Fayez.

US Rejected Russian Vaccine.

The United States has rejected a Russian vaccine offer Online desk 15 August 2020, 03:23 p.m. Online version Earlier, US President Donald Trump had said that they would not even touch the Russian vaccine. On Friday, the US news agency CNN claimed that the Russian administration had extended a hand of "groundbreaking cooperation" to the Americans affected by the Corona. But Washington has returned that help, raising questions of credibility. News CNN and Anadolu. Not only the United States, but also the World Health Organization (WHO) has not listed Russia's Sputnik V as a significant antidote. They say they do not have enough information about the Russian vaccine. A Russian administration official told the Associated Press on Friday that the United States has always had a distrust of Russia. Because of this disbelief, America will not accept the vaccines, test methods, treatments we have made. White House Press Secretary Kelly McKennie said the president had been briefed on Russia's new vaccine. But the potential vaccine in the United States is of a higher standard and the third phase of clinical trials to develop it is in full swing. They are waiting for that vaccine. However, some US administration officials have said in a more aggressive tone that the Russian vaccine is half-cooked food for the United States. America has no interest in that.

Russian's Vaccine: Israel.

Israel will test Russia's vaccine Online desk 12 August 2020, 10:04 p.m. Online version Corona vaccine. File image Corona vaccine. File image Russian Health Minister Yulia Edelstein has announced that Russia will test the anti-coronavirus vaccine Scutnik-5. Israel will hold talks with Russia to buy the vaccine if it is tested as an "important product". News-Reuters. Earlier on Tuesday, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the creation of the world's first corona vaccine. The vaccine was tested on people less than two months old. Health experts allege that there are still doubts about the safety of this vaccine. Russia's health minister has denied the allegations. "We are watching all the reports carefully, regardless of the country," he said. We have already discussed the report of the Russian Research Center on the development of vaccines. If we are satisfied that this is an important product, we will also try to enter into the discussion. But I don’t want to confuse anyone. The professional staff of the ministry is always working on it. The vaccine will not come tomorrow. Israel, however, has already begun work on the corona vaccine. The vaccine will be tested in the human body next October.

India: 2312 km Under sea.

Menu Monday, 10 August 2020, 27 Shravan 1428 Beta version Cover International India 2312 km under the sea. Long cable line tunnel India August 10, 2020. Photo: Collected India has built a 2,312 km long optical fiber cable line from Chennai to Chennai and Port Blair in the Andamans. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the historic project on Monday. According to the Times of India, this will improve telecom services in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. People will get high speed broadband connectivity just like the mainland of India. Launching the cable line, Modi said, "This cable line will serve a large part of the Andamans, including Port Blair, Little Andaman and Swaraj Island." The cable line runs from Port Blair to Swaraj Island (Havelock), Little Andaman, Car Nicobar, Kamrata, Great Nicobar, Long Island and Ranga. Modi said, “The bigger a project, the more challenges it has to face. I am happy that this project has been completed despite the delay. Andaman is one of the important regions of the country. The people there are hardworking. It is our duty to provide high quality telecom services there. "People in Andaman and Nicobar will get high-speed telecom and broadband services in the coming days," a telecom official said. It will benefit the common man as well as the administration. The Universal Service Obligation Fund under the Ministry of Communications has paid for the optical fiber cable sheet under the sea. The entire project has cost one thousand 224 crore rupees. The project has been implemented by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited. Telecommunications Consultants India Limited has worked as a Technical Consultant. More: India Husband was beaten for not wanting to eat potato curry! Former Indian President Pranab Mukherjee is suffering from corona Father-in-law beheaded son-in-law in memory of his daughter in India! 6 workers die after falling into septic tank in India The father tied the child upside down and beat him for not listening.

Enriching Vocabulary.

Open in app Get started Mission.org Responses 18 Meaningful Ways To Enrich Your Life Right Now Tony Fahkry Tony Fahkry Dec 26, 2017 · 7 min read Image for post “It is easier to fight for one’s principles than to live up to them.” — Alfred Adler We all have principles that we abide by. Ask any person about their values and beliefs and they’ll respond according to what’s important to them. I’ve noticed a central theme in my work since first writing about: personal development, motivation and success. For the uninitiated, it can be summarised in the following eighteen points. I urge you to identify with those you resonate with and incorporate them into your life. 1. Love More Not just people or things, but primarily yourself. Many of life’s problems result from a lack of self-love. To love more means to connect with the deeper wisdom that underlies your being. You are the embodiment of love, irrespective of whether you’re hurt or betrayed. Set aside those feelings and know that you are the ocean swimming in a sea of love. Drown yourself in it! 2. Be Vigilant With Your Thoughts Be mindful of your thoughts and don’t let them consume you. Do you think uplifting thoughts or are they filled with self-doubt and pessimism? Do you look for the silver lining in situations or do you consider what could go wrong? Do you have a fixed or growth-mindset? Despite people’s beliefs, your thoughts are not fixed. They’re shaped by being aware of them and not believing everything you think. 3. Practise Mindfulness Bring your thoughts to the forefront of your mind and resist being a victim to unconscious behaviours. Mindfulness invites you to bring your attention to what’s taking place in your life instead of reliving past events. It means connecting with the present moment instead of being a victim to the past. Image for post 4. Undertake Regular Self Improvement Immerse yourself in inspiring material that encourages you to become someone of character. If you don’t shower, brush your teeth or exercise, you fall victim to destructive habits and pay the price as illness. People claim since they can’t see the benefits of personal development, everything is fine. I enjoy the quote from the late motivational speaker Zig Ziglar who said: “People often say that motivation doesn’t last. Well, neither does bathing — that’s why we recommend it daily.” 5. Attitude Is Everything Your attitude is more important than your outlook because it influences how you show up in life. How is a positive attitude developed? By overcoming life’s obstacles rather than retreating from them. As you approach life with courage, you overcome your fears that once crippled you. 6. Be Of Service To Others We all have a purpose, some discover it early in life while sadly, others die with a song in their heart. You can be of service to others in the smallest way through your thoughts, words and actions. You needn’t lend your time to charities to be of service, although it’s helpful. Give of your time and resources by enriching other people’s lives. Even sending peaceful thoughts to another person is a step in the right direction. Image for post 7. Character Is More Important Than Reputation Your reputation can be destroyed in moments, while character takes a lifetime to build. Consider celebrities involved in scandals, who squander their character and reputation. Be mindful of who you’re becoming. Don’t forsake this for a reputation that lasts a fraction of the time to build good character. 8. Let Go Of Worry, Fear And Anxiety Have you noticed what you worry about rarely happens? You may have a tendency to create mental storylines to protect you in case such events transpire. Yet, if you continue down this path, you will attract these circumstances because of the energy devoted to it. Replace negativity with enriching thoughts that bring you closer to the life you wish to live. “You can’t cross a sea by merely staring into the water.” — Rabindranath Tagore 9. Make Peace With The Past To create an enriching future you must be willing to heal the past, to avoid carrying excess baggage. You’ve heard it said, the past is a figment of your imagination and no longer exists. Reliving the past derails a bright future because your mind is stuck dwelling on something no longer relevant. Image for post 10. Happiness Comes From Within The biggest fraud sold to mankind is that happiness is attained via: success, fame, wealth or a suitable partner. Yet, one need only look at people who have these things and are still unfulfilled, sometimes depressed. If you’re unhappy and gain wealth, you’ll continue to be unhappy because having more of these things amplifies what is lacking. 11. Surround Yourself With Great People Especially those who bring out the best in you. If you lack self-esteem, you attract like-minded people who will notice your disowned parts that you disapprove of. The other person will reflect this through their interaction with you and so you retaliate to prove them wrong. Surround yourself with people who see your greater qualities and don’t take you for granted. 12. Be Here And Now Stop worrying about the future until it arrives. There is no need to worry about circumstances and miss out on the aliveness of the present moment. The future never arrives as you expect, so it’s pointless to worry about something that exists as thoughts. It’s wise to have: goals, dreams and ambitions. Yet, if you’re not aligned with the motivation to accomplish these things, when they arrive it will not be as you expect. This is how a crisis ensues because your vision of the future does not match reality. Image for post 13. Practice Gratitude Gratitude means to appreciate what you have in your life instead of what is lacking. You can focus on the negative or positive and either way you’re right. One brings unfavourable circumstances while the other carries positive aspects. Be grateful for the smallest things because somewhere, someone is longing for what you take for granted. 14. Forgive Yourself And Others Forgiveness is a doorway to heal the past. Many people forgive others yet they’re unable to forgive themselves. I invite you to start with yourself first. Forgive yourself completely and open the window for love to heal. Remember, forgiveness does not mean to forget, it means to see the past in a new light. 15. Practice Acceptance And Detachment Acceptance means not resisting what’s taking place in your life. Irrespective whether it’s an unfortunate situation, it can pave the way for something wonderful to transpire. Detachment means to distance yourself from a desired outcome and allow circumstances to play out until the complete picture has emerged. Only then do you realise everything that takes place unfolds as it should, for your greater purpose. Image for post 16. Honour Your Feelings Medical doctors now realise the harmful effects of toxic emotions which can lead to illness. Perhaps you were told not to express your emotions while growing up, which is evident in cultures where it’s viewed as a sign of weakness. Connecting with your emotions invites you to honour your feelings and express them in a healthy way. This doesn’t mean acting on your feelings of anger. Rather, investigate what the anger is seeking to represent. 17. Discover And Live Your Purpose People who live their purpose lead healthier and robust lives. They’re happy pursuing that which makes their spirit come alive. There’s a purpose within you waiting to reveal itself. Dependent on your age, you may have realised it or are still discovering it. The key is to experiment until you find a purpose that resonates with you. Your purpose will bring joy to your life and those you serve. 18. Be Kind To Everyone You Meet We are often unaware how tough some people are doing it, until we get an insight in to their story. Don’t judge people like an oil painting because there’s greater depth to a person than you realise. You don’t get an impression of a person until we really know them or walk in their shoes. Assume the best in everyone until they prove otherwise. Be kind and withhold judgement since that only defines you as a critic. Call To Action To live a remarkable life, it is vital you take consistent action in spite of your fears and doubts. Download your FREE COPY of my comprehensive eBook: NAVIGATE LIFE and embark upon your journey of greatness today! Sign up for Mission Daily By Mission.org Mission Daily Newsletter Take a look Your email Get this newsletter By signing up, you will create a Medium account if you don’t already have one. Review our Privacy Policy for more information about our privacy practices. Self Improvement Motivation Inspiration Personal Development Personal Growth Tony Fahkry WRITTEN BY Tony Fahkry